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Be Patient With a Freeze-damaged Garden

3/28/2023

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What to do about our frozen landscape? Maybe you fared better, but my yard is brown and withered and desolate. My mature holly trees are sticks, with prickly leaves strewn under them. It looks like an errant flower girl dumped her basket in one place. And it was a big basket.

Two of my little gem magnolias look completely dried up and dead; one is perfectly green and supple. They are all in a row, side by side, so what’s up with that?

My swath of Lenten roses, the ones that came from my mother-in-law’s home, the home my husband and his siblings grew up in, are all deceased. They lie prone in the freezer-burned bed, along with the twigs of what used to be evergreen azaleas. All of my Otto Luyken laurel is toast, its dead leaves cluttering the ground.

My rhododendron looks good, and surely my ancient oak trees are okay. Surprisingly, my hydrangeas look like they are supposed to at this time of year. But I don’t know what to do about everything else. Do I cut it all back while it’s dormant? Do I fertilize? Do I do anything besides wring my hands?

Actually, I knew exactly what to do. I called Ann Brown, gardener extraordinaire, who has spoken to the Garden Club of Signal Mountain. I happen to have her on speed dial on my phone.

The mountains around Chattanooga are in Zone 6b, so plants that are from warmer zones may suffer or die, especially if they are specified for Zone 8. Looking on the bright side, Ann says that the good thing about the timing of the freeze is that it came after a heavy rain, so our plants were well hydrated. Dehydrated plants can be severely damaged or die during severe freezes. Also, plants not protected from the wind can be damaged regardless of hydration. (I wonder if my one green magnolia somehow escaped the wind.)

To prevent damage in the future, Ann recommends mulching all your plants with compost and raking leaves around everything you want to come back in the spring, including perennials, shrubs and small trees.

“This is a natural way to protect and insulate roots from the varying temperatures we get in the winter. This layer of leaves also provides a place for insects (bumble bees, butterflies, moths) to complete their life cycles, and these insects serve as winter food for our birds,” Ann says.

Ann, a member of Tennessee Valley Wild Ones and on the board of Bee City USA, tells us to be patient with our plants.

“My advice for shrubs, ‘wait and see.’ If the stems are green in March and April, they will slowly leaf out. Prune any dead (brown) stems down to where it is green in May and June. Perennials, especially native plants that are deep rooted, will return with no problem,” Ann promises.

Renowned for her gorgeous garden teaming with flowering native plants, Ann advises cutting Miss Huff lantana to the ground. This pollinator should return by June, and wait until then before calling its time of death.

She advises waiting until spring, when the plant should be leafing out, to prune any small trees or shrubs.

About my poor Lenten roses, she believes they should survive, no matter how pitiful they look.

“Lenten roses are able to withstand temperatures down to minus 20 degrees. Remove old, scorched, damaged, or dead leaves from the plant before the plant is in bloom (usually late winter to early spring). After blooming has finished, cut back flowering stems to the base to encourage new foliage growth,” Ann says.

Okay, fine. I’ll use the excuse of being patient for my laziness in addressing this desolate dead-looking yard of mine.
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by Ferris Robinson
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Incorporate Native Plants and Trees

3/28/2023

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Where do you look for food when you’re hungry? You go to a grocery store, restaurant, or your pantry because you know the food will safely provide the nutrition you need. When you need shelter, where do you go? You go to a hospitable environment where you know it can be found.

The creatures around us are no different. They and the native plants have developed together to support each other, so the food and shelter they need are readily available. As we alter our native environment, this is becoming less and less the case. By introducing non-native species, which may even be toxic to native creatures, and by removing the leaves and other vegetal debris in the fall, we are depriving our native creatures of their required food and shelter. But we have choices, and the good news is that we can mitigate much of that damage.

While change is inevitable, it does not have to be environmentally destructive. We can and must learn to become sensitive to how thoughtless change wreaks havoc on our flora and fauna and employ methods that preserve much of this incredible beauty around us.

There are the big steps, like asking developers not to remove all the trees or designate some land for extra greenspace, or to use Best Management Practices (BMPs) during development and construction (e.g., putting construction barriers around mature trees so they’re not damaged by equipment). There are bigger steps that include installing modern sewer systems rather than septic tanks that often don’t work well in our rocky topography. Those leaking septic systems pollute our yards, our creeks and our streams, making them unsafe for all who use them. Even bigger necessary steps will come when the public (that’s us) starts insisting on it.

There are smaller steps that we, as individuals, can take that will collectively make a significant impact. Each of us has a role simply by making good choices for our own yards. The most important choice we can make is to choose native plants for our landscaping. This is becoming less difficult, as our local nurseries are beginning to add more native plants to their inventory, and there are some nurseries selling only native plants. The more we ask for natives, the more we’ll find them in the nurseries.

There are great educational resources including books, websites, and classes. Perhaps the greatest resources are the knowledgeable folks in our community who are members of Wild Ones or Master Gardeners, for example.

If you’re employing a professional landscape designer, ask about (insist upon?) native plants wherever possible.

These may seem like radical ideas. Just think about them for a bit and let them perk, then let’s have a conversation. While that velvety green lawn may seem like perfection, environmentally it’s at best a neutral component in our yards, and at worst a negative that requires fertilizer, water, raking, dethatching, fungicides and insecticides. This involves more money, more time, more work, more resources, more hazards in the soils and creeks, and contributes nothing to the insects, birds and animals that share our environment.
There are ways a lawn can be a positive partner in your yard. Smaller lawns that include plants that feed our pollinators can be an early spring food source. Smaller lawns can accentuate native plantings, draw attention to special features, and provide pathways through a yard. Replacing large lawns with native plantings will provide necessary food and shelter that will help keep our ecosystem healthy.

When many homeowners use native plants in their individual gardens, they help to create a green corridor of linked yards. These green corridors across the community will dramatically improve the survival rates of the marvelous creatures in our environment. In the process, we’ll have yards bursting with colorful plants, butterflies, birds, and more. And we’ll know that we have played a part in protecting this beautiful place we call home.

For further exploring, see the references that are just a drop in the bucket of what’s available. An extensive list would exhaust both of us, but this is enough to get you started.
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by Ann Haygood

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